![]() ![]() Although it might be easier (and, in some cases, preferable) to blur the distinction between sign and gesture, we argue that making a distinction between sign (or speech) and gesture is essential to predict certain types of learning, and allows us to understand the conditions under which gesture takes on properties of sign, and speech takes on properties of gesture. Because, at the moment, it is difficult to tell where sign stops and where gesture begins, we suggest that sign should not be compared to speech alone, but should be compared to speech-plus-gesture. Both produce imagistic gestures along with more categorical signs or words. We come to the conclusion that signers gesture just as speakers do. We do so by taking a close look not only at how sign has been studied over the last 50 years, but also at how the spontaneous gestures that accompany speech have been studied. ![]() The goal of this review is to elucidate the relationships among sign language, gesture, and spoken language. The pendulum is currently swinging back toward the view that sign is gestural, or at least has gestural components. More recently, researchers have argued that sign is no different from spoken language with all of the same linguistic structures. How does sign language compare to gesture, on the one hand, and to spoken language on the other? At one time, sign was viewed as nothing more than a system of pictorial gestures with no linguistic structure.
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